View source for Proactive policy measures by Internet service providers against Botnets

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|Link=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k98tq42t18w-en dx.doi.org
|Author=, 
|NomRevue=OECD Digital Economy Papers
|Date=199
|Editor=OECD
|Year=2012
|ISBN=
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|Abstract=Botnets are networks of compromised computers that are remotely controlled by malicious agents (OECD, 2008a). They are used to send massive quantities of spam e-mail messages, co-ordinate 
distributed denial-of-service (DDOS) attacks and facilitate financial and identity fraud, among other economically and socially harmful activities. They therefore represent a major problem for security and 
trust in online environments. Their growth and increased severity would do considerable damage to online commerce, electronic government services and other Internet-based services, as consumers and citizens 
would become more reluctant to interact and transact online.
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